- Sentence অর্থানুসারে ৫প্রকার
- গঠনানুসারে ৩ প্রকার
- Affirmative to Negative এ পরিবর্তন অর্থাৎ ‘হ্যাঁ’ বোধক হতে ‘না’ বোধক বাক্যে পরিবর্তন অথবা এর বিপরীত ক্রম।
- Assertive Sentence হতে Interrogative এ রুপান্তর অথবা এর বিপরীত ক্রম।
- Exclamatory Sentence হতে Assertive Sentence এ রুপান্তর অথবা এর বিপরীত ক্রম।
- Simple Sentence to Complex Sentence to Compound এ রুপান্তর অথবা এর বিপরীত ক্রম।
- Sentence Transformation of Sentences এর Degree পরিবর্তন
- Sentence এর Voice বা বাচ্য পরিবর্তন
👉1. Only/alone/merely এর পরিবর্তে উত্তর বাক্যের শুরুতে none but বসে। আর কোন পরিবর্তন হয় না।
1. Affirmative: Only Allah can help us.
Negative: None but Allah can help us.
2. Affirmative: He alone can do the sum
Negative: None but he can do the sum.
Note: বস্তুর ক্ষেত্রে only এর পরিবর্তে nothing but বসে। তবে বয়সের ক্ষেত্রে বা সংখ্যার ক্ষেত্রে only এর পরিবর্তে not more than or not less than বসে।
Affirmative: They have only three cars.
Negative: They have not more than three cars.
👉2. Affirmative sentence এ must/have to/has to/had to থাকলে negative করার সময় এসকল শব্দ এর পরিবর্তে cannot but/ cannot help বসে আর had to থাকলে তার পরিবর্তে could not but/could not help বসে। তবে কথা থাকে যে, help এর পরে যে verb থাকে তার সাথে ing যুক্ত করতে হয়।
Affirmative: We must obey our parents.
Negative: We cannot but obey our parents.
👉3. Every + noun কে Negative করতে হলে every এর পরিবর্তে There is no + noun….but বসে। তবে Everybody থাকলে উক্ত স্থানে There is nobody এবং Everyone থাকলে সে স্থানে There is none/no one + প্রদত্ত sentence এর বাকী অংশ বসে। (বি.দ্র:- but এর স্থলে Who does not বসানো যেতে পারে)
Affirmative: Every mother loves her child.
Negative: There is no mother but loves her child.
OR, There is no mother who doesn't love her child.
OR, No mother hates her child.
Affirmative: Everybody fears a lion.
Negative: There is nobody but fears a liar.
OR: There is none but fears a lion.
👉4. As soon as যুক্ত sentence কে Negative করতে হলে- As soon as এর জায়গায় no sooner had বসবে + প্রদত্ত Sentence এর subject বসে + Verb এর Past participle form বসে + sentence এর বাকী অংশ বসে +(কমার পরিবর্তে) than + দ্বিতীয় বাক্য বসে।
Affirmative: As soon as he saw the lion, he ran away.
Negative: No sooner had he seen the lion than he ran away.
👉5. বাক্যে Both----and → থাকলে এই স্থানে → not only ---- but also বসে।
Negative: Not only dolon but also Dola were excited
Affirmative: He was obedient and gentle.
Affirmative: She is the best batsman in the team.
Negative: No other batsman in the team is as good as She.
👉8. Than any other/than all other যুক্ত comparative degree কে Negative করতে হলে –
No other + any other/all other এর পরের অংশ বসে + প্রদত্ত verb + so/as বসে + comparative degree এর positive form + as + প্রদত্ত sentence এর subject.
Affirmative: She is better than any other girl in the class.
Negative: No other girl in the class is as good as She.
👉9. Than যুক্ত comparative degree কে Negative করতে হলে – Than এর শেষের অংশ প্রথমে বসে + verb (tense ও person অনুযায়ী) + not + so/as + comparative degree এর positive form + as + প্রদত্ত sentence এর subject.
Affirmative: She is stronger than you.
Negative: You are not as/so strong as She.
👉10. As....as যুক্ত positive degree কে Negative করতে হলে – প্রথম as এর পরিবর্তে not less শেষ as এর পরিবর্তে than বসে।
Affirmative: Rana and Rahim were as strong as Raj.
Negative: Rana and Rahim were not less strong than Raj.
👉11. Less...than যুক্ত sentence কে Negative করতে হলে – Less এর জায়গায় not as বসবে এবং than এর জায়গায় as বসবে।
Affirmative: She is less ugly than you said.
Negative: She is not as ugly as you said.
Affirmative: She is too weak to walk.
Negative: She is so weak that she cannot walk.
Affirmative: The Sun sets in the west.
Negative: Doesn’t the Sun set in the west.
👉14. Sometimes স্থানে → do/does not + always বসিয়ে Negative করতে হয়।
Affirmative: Raven sometimes visits me.
👉15. Many → স্থানে → Tense অনুযায়ী সাহায্য কারি Verb বসিয়ে Not a few বসাতে হয়।
Affirmative: I have many friends.
Negative: I do not have few friends.
👉16. A few → এর স্থানে → not many বসিয়ে Negative করতে হয়।
Affirmative: Bangladesh has a few scholars.
👉17. Much → স্থানে → A little বসিয়ে Negative করতে হয়।
Affirmative: He belongs much money.
Negative: He doesn’t belong a little money.
👉18. A little → স্থানে → not much বসিয়ে Negative করতে হয়।
Affirmative: Dolon has a little riches.
Negative: Dolon doesn’t have much riches.
Affirmative: She is a good woman.
Negative: She is not a bad woman.
👉20. Always যুক্ত Affirmative sentence কে Negative করতে হলে Always এর পরিবর্তে never বসে। Affirmative শব্দটির Negative বা বিপরীত রূপ বসাতে হয়।
Affirmative: She was always punctual.
Negative: She was never late.
Affirmative Word |
Negative/Opposite Word |
1. Sincere ---- |
Insincere |
2. Real------ |
Unreal |
3. Absent--- |
Present |
4. Punctual----- |
Late |
5. Easy --- |
Hard |
6. Happy---- |
Unhappy |
7. Literate---- |
Illiterate |
8. Responsible---- |
Irresponsible |
9. Grateful---- |
Ungrateful |
10. Possible---- |
Impossible |
11. Doubtful---- |
Sure |
12. Love---- |
Hate |
13. Pleased----- |
Displeased |
14. Remember----- |
Forget |
15. Rich---- |
Poor |
16. Honesty----- |
Dishonesty |
17. Honour---- |
Dishonor |
18. Present---- |
Absent |
19. Good----- |
Bad |
20. Honest---- |
Dishonest |
21. Wise---- |
Unwise |
22. Regular- |
Irregular |
23. Moral--- |
Immoral |
24. Active---- |
Inactive |
25. Pleasant---- |
Unpleasant |
26. Always---- |
Never |
27. Mortal---- |
Immortal |
28. Comfortable---- |
Uncomfortable |
29. Ordinary----- |
Extraordinary |
30. Willing----- |
Unwilling |
31. Obey----- |
Disobey |
32. Obedient----- |
Disobedient |
33. Solvent----- |
Insolvent |
34. Right---- |
Wrong |
35. Fertile---- |
Barren |
36. Fact----- |
Fiction |
37. Safe---- |
Unsafe |
38. Valid----- |
Invalid |
39. Young----- |
Old |
40. Sorrow----- |
Joy |
41. Top---- |
Bottom |
42. Rise---- |
Fall |
43. Import--- |
Export |
44. Freedom---- |
Bondage |
45. Equal----- |
Unequal |
46. Correct----- |
Incorrect |
47. Able----- |
Unable |
48. Arrive--- |
Depart |
49. Fat--- |
Thin |
50. Reasonable---- |
Unreasonable |
51. Dependent----- |
Independent |
52. Liable---- |
Asset |
53. favourable ---- |
Unfavorable |
54. Lazy---- |
Active |
55. Clean---- |
Dirty |
56. Early---- |
Late |
57. Kind----- |
Unkind |
58. Quickly----- |
Slowly |
59. Push- |
Pull |
60. Similar----- |
Different |
61. Mad----- |
Sane |
62. Necessary----- |
Unnecessary |
63. Polite----- |
Impolite |
64. Wise----- |
Unwise |
65. Smooth----- |
Unsmooth |
66. New----- |
Old |
67. Correctly----- |
Incorrectly |
68. Apart----- |
Together |
69. Abundant---- |
Scarce |
70. Appear---- |
Disappear |
70. Ascend---- |
Descend |
71. Accurate----- |
Inaccurate |
72. Blame---- |
Praise |
73. Advantage---- |
Disadvantage |
74. Bent----- |
Straight |
75. Admit---- |
Deny |
76. Lend---- |
Borrow |
77. Bitter---- |
Sweet |
78. Alive---- |
Dead |
79. Build---- |
Destroy |
80. Brighten---- |
Fade |
81. Ancient---- |
Modern |
82. Boundless---- |
Limited |
83. Cheap---- |
Expensive |
84. Attractive---- |
Repulsive |
85. Captive----- |
Free |
86. Clever---- |
Stupid |
87. Awake---- |
Asleep |
88. Common---- |
Rare |
89. Fortunate---- |
Unfortunate |
90. Cheerful---- |
Sad |
91. Feeble---- |
Strong |
92. Loyal---- |
Disloyal |
93. Harsh----- |
Mild |
94. Intelligent----- |
Stupid |
95. Optimist----- |
Pessimist |
96. Permanent----- |
Temporary |
97. Private------ |
Public |
98. Impure---- |
Pure |
99. Patient------ |
Impatient |
100. Serious------ |
Trivial |
101. Satisfactory------ |
Unsatisfactory |
102. Shallow----- |
Deep |
103. Strict----- |
Lenient |
104. Tame---- |
Wild |
105. Take---- |
Give |
106. Zenith----- |
Nadir |
107. Zip---- |
Unzip |
108.War----- |
Peace |
109. Visible---- |
Invisible |
110. Voluntary---- |
Compulsory |
111. Bless---- |
Curse |
112. Friend---- |
Foe/enemy |
113.Artificial----- |
Natural |
|
Affirmative |
Negative |
01 |
Only/alone/merely |
None but |
02 |
বস্তুর ক্ষেত্রে Only থাকলে |
nothing but |
03 |
বয়স বা সংখ্যার ক্ষেত্রে Only থাকলে |
Not more/less than |
04 |
must/have to/has to/had to থাকলে |
cannot but/ cannot help অথবা could not but/could not help |
05 |
Every + noun Everybody Everyone |
There is no + noun….but There is nobody but There is none but |
06 |
As soon as |
No sooner had |
07 |
Both----and → থাকলে |
not only ---- but also |
08 |
And যদি দুটি শব্দ যোগ করলে |
Not only এবং And এর স্থানে but also বসে |
09 |
Sub+verb+the+Superlative degree+Obj+Extension |
No other + superlative এর পরের অংশ + verb + as + superlative degree এর positive form + as + প্রদত্ত sentence এর subject বসে। |
10 |
Than any other/than all other যুক্ত comparative degree কে Negative করতে |
No other + any other/all other এর পরের অংশ বসে + প্রদত্ত verb + so/as বসে + comparative degree এর positive form + as + প্রদত্ত sentence এর subject. |
11 |
Than যুক্ত comparative degree কে Negative করতে |
Than এর শেষের অংশ প্রথমে বসে + verb (tense ও person অনুযায়ী) + not + so/as + comparative degree এর positive form + as + প্রদত্ত sentence এর subject |
12 |
As....as যুক্ত positive degree কে Negative করতে |
প্রথম as এর পরিবর্তে not less শেষ as এর পরিবর্তে than বসে। |
13 |
Less...than যুক্ত sentence কে Negative করতে |
Less এর জায়গায় not as বসবে এবং than এর জায়গায় as বসবে। |
14 |
Too.....to যুক্ত sentence কে Negative করতে |
So …………… that |
15 |
চির সত্য বাক্যগুলো বা Sentence |
Negative interrogative এ পরিবর্তনের মাধ্যমে Negative করতে হয়। |
16 |
Sometimes থাকলে |
do/does not + always |
17 |
Many → স্থানে |
Not a few |
18 |
A few → এর স্থানে |
not many |
19 |
Much → স্থানে |
A little |
20 |
A little → স্থানে |
not much |
21 |
Always যুক্ত Affirmative sentence কে Negative করতে |
never বসে। Affirmative শব্দটির Negative বা বিপরীত রূপ বসাতে হয়। |
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